2020. 3. 5. 13:06ㆍ카테고리 없음
2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry RegimentB Troop, 9th Cavalry Regiment'Bloody Knife'In late 2007, 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry was inactivated and its personnel reflagged as the 4th Squadron, 10th Cavalry. 4-10th Cavalry took up the role as the organic cavalry squadron for 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division.The mission of the 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry was to deploy and conduct sustained reconnaissance and security operations to create and preserve the conditions for 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division to achieve assigned objectives.On 28 July 1866, the 39th Congress of the United States passed an act to improve the peace establishment of the nation. This act authorized the formation of additional regiments in the US Army, 2 cavalry and 4 infantry. For the first time in the nation's history, these Regular Army regiments were to consist of black enlisted soldiers. The 9th Cavalry was organized on 21 September 1866 at Greenville, Louisiana, a town near New Orleans.
Colonel Edward Hatch, a veteran cavalryman and former general officer in the recently concluded Civil War, was selected to be the Regiment's first commander. The 9th Cavalry, along with its sister regiment, the 10th Cavalry, became known as the 'Buffalo Soldier' regiments, a title of respect bestowed by the Indians they fought. The 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment traces its lineage to the formation of Company B, 9th Cavalry Regiment.In the 1870s and the 1880s, the 9th Cavalry as a whole fought with great distinction throughout the western United States in numerous campaigns against marauding American Indians, Mexicans, and lawless settlers. Cavalry companies across the US Army were officially designated as troops in 1883. Company B, 9th Cavalry subsequently became Troop B, 9th Cavalry. The 9th Cavalry was often the only source of security on the frontier and was often at odds with those who would profit from banditry. While most of the 9th Cavalry's actions were against hostile Indians, in 1884 the Regiment also protected the friendly Indian tribes settled in present-day Oklahoma from settlers seeking to steal their land.
From these early campaigns, the 9th Cavalry derived a part of its unit insignia: an Indian in breach cloth mounted on a galloping pony and brandishing a rifle in one hand. The 9th Cavalry troopers earned 15 Medals of Honor during the Indian Wars. Most of these medals were earned by noncommissioned officers leading small detachments of soldiers. The Regiment participated in campaigns against the Comanches, Uses, Sioux, and Apaches.Two months after the battleship Maine sank in Cuban waters, the Regiment, then stationed at Fort Robinson, Nebraska, was alerted for deployment to war.
The Regiment departed 4 days later on 60 rail cars destined for Florida to stage for invasion. One of the first units to go ashore, it fought as dismounted infantry alongside Theodore Roosevelt's Roughriders in the gallant charge up Kettle Hill and San Juan Heights. The Regiment's commanding officer, Colonel Hamilton, was killed in action during the attack. It was there that the Regiment derived the rest of its insignia: the 5 bastioned fort patch of the V Corps, to which the 9th Cavalry was assigned. After the fighting ended in Cuba, the regiment was sent to another trouble spot, the Philippines.During the Insurrection, the 9th Cavalry continued its hard fighting tradition by conducting 3 successful deployments to the Philippines from 1900 to 1916 to fight the rebellious Moro tribesmen and earned the respect of the military governor, General Arthur MacArthur. While most of the Regiment was deployed to the Philippines, several troops remained stationed at the Presidio of San Francisco.
In 1903, these troops served as a Guard of Honor to President Theodore Roosevelt. This was the first time black regular cavalrymen served in this capacity. The 9th Cavalry returned to the Philippines in the early 1920s to combat the insurgency there following the Spanish-American War. Troop B was demobilized in the Philippines on 21 September 1921.During the 1920s and the 1930s, the Regiment patrolled the Mexican border and was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division on 1 March 1933.
The Regiment was called upon again during World War II. On 10 October 1940, the 9th Cavalry was reassigned to the 2nd Cavalry Division and prepared for overseas deployment. The Regiment trained in the Arkansas Maneuver Area from August to October 1941, then returned to Fort Riley, Kansas. Due to overcrowding at Fort Riley, the Regiment transferred to Fort Clark, Texas in July 1942, where it continued training for combat in Europe. The War Department decided a second cavalry division unnecessary for victory and directed the Division deploy to the Mediterranean theater and inactivate to provide replacements to critical logistical organizations.
Accordingly, the Regiment dismounted, embarked at Hampton Roads, Virginia on 31 January 1944, arrived in North Africa on 9 February 1944, and inactivated on 7 March 1944 at Assi-Ben Okba, Algeria. The Regiment's soldiers were transferred to support units. The unit was formally disbanded after the Second World War on 20 October 1950.B Troop, 9th Cavalry Regiment, was reactivated as the Brigade Reconnaissance Troop for 3rd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized) on 25 June 1999. This activation was part of the Force XXI force structure. The unit was known as the 'Bloody Knife' Troop, named after the Indian Scout, Bloody Knife who served under General Custer during the Indian Wars.As of January 2006 the 2nd Squadron 9th Cavalry Regiment of 3rd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, was participating in Operation Iraqi Freedom as part of the larger Task Force Band of Brothers which was led by 101st Airborne Division commanding general, Maj. Thomas Turner.
The 3rd Brigade's mission included training the Iraqi Security Forces, assisting in the rebuilding of the Diyala Province infrastructure as well as continuing to root out the anti-Iraqi forces that inhabit the region.
Division ChroniclePlaced on the rolls of the Army in 1921, the 2d Cavalry Division was not activated until April 1941. As part of the Protective Mobilization Plan, the division was reserved for activation at Fort Riley, Kansas, but due to manpower constraints it never reached full strength.
The 2d received the appropriate number of cavalry regiments, but units providing the organic support and service troops remained unfilled. The first divisional activations came in October 1940, with the organization of the 3d Cavalry Brigade and the assignment of the 2d and 14th Cavalry. The 4th Cavalry Brigade activated during February 1941 with the 9th and 10th Cavalry as its cavalry regiments.
These last two regiments, the only two available for assignment, were black units. The division, therefore, was unique to Army structure at that time, a racially mixed unit.Split between Fort Riley and Camp Funston, Kansas, neither post having adequate facilities for the division's horse cavalry, personnel shortages continued and divisional elements were activated using provisional assets. General Milliken, the 2d Cavalry Division commander in June 1941, envisioned a combined use of mechanized and horse cavalry within the division.
During July, Troop A, 2d Reconnaissance Squadron, was formed provisionally as a mechanized divisional element. The division, now organized with horses, scout cars, jeeps and motorcycles, spent most of the rest of the summer training with its new equipment.The 2d Cavalry Division participated in the Second Army Maneuvers of late August as a component of the Red Forces facing the VII Corps' Blue Army. Given the task of capturing Arkansas and Louisiana, the 2d's mission ended on 9 September with divisional elements at Chatham, Louisiana.
During the next week the division became part of a second training operation. This time the division served with the Second Army's Red Force, now challenging the Third Army's Blue Force. Second Army's first goal was to defeat and remove the Blue Forces from southern Louisiana, and then to keep the enemy from capturing Shreveport. At the close of these maneuvers the 2d Cavalry Division returned to Kansas, having prevailed with Blue Forces still forty miles from the city.By November the 2d possessed a number of its organic support troops, although most were still functioning in a provisional status. The end of the month found the division involved in another set of training maneuvers. The operation, 'PRACTICE BLITZKRIEG', was based in Kansas and finished with the 2d Cavalry Division's capture of Topeka. The exercise ended when the divisional military police unit seized the governor who feigned a surrender of the state.The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor triggered fears of assaults on the west coast and invasion threats from south of the border.
A new emphasis was placed on the continent's western defenses and the division deployed its 3d Brigade to Arizona. General Coulter, the brigade commander, was also given command of the Southern Land Frontier Sector of the Western Defense Command. Under him the 2d Cavalry, stationed at Phoenix, and the 14th Cavalry at Tucson, patrolled the Mexican Border for the next seven months. Meanwhile the 4th Cavalry Brigade, still at Camp Funston, continuing an endless cycle of training. Constantly called on to provide cadre for new units, the 9th and 10th Cavalry routinely lost veteran personnel and received untrained recruits.During the spring of 1942 a War Department decision to increase the number of armored divisions within the United States Army resulted in the planned conversion of the 2d Cavalry Division. White troops in the 3d Brigade were used in the formation of the 9th Armored Division. The 2d and 14th Cavalry were inactivated and their personnel transferred into the newly formed 2d and 14th Armored Regiments, both elements of the new armored division.
On 15 July 1942 the 2d Cavalry Division was inactivated. The 4th Cavalry Brigade with its black regiments, however, remained active.The activation of the 9th Armored Division created logistical problems at Fort Riley and Camp Funston. The installations that had accommodated a single division were now home to a division and an additional cavalry brigade.
Consequently, the 4th Cavalry Brigade Headquarters and the 10th Cavalry, relocated to Camp Lockett, California. The 9th Cavalry, although still assigned to the brigade, moved to Fort Clarke, Texas.As the number of black personnel entering the Army rose, the need for negro units for these soldiers to join also increased. In November 1942 the War Department directed that the 2d Cavalry Division would be reactivated, and that two new black regiments would be assigned. It was also announced that the 2d, now the Army's third black division, would remain divided between Texas and California.
2nd Cavalry Regiment Deployment 2019
Construction was started at both posts since neither had the facilities to support an entire division. The work completed, the 2d Cavalry Division activated on 25 February 1943 with Headquarters at Fort Clarke.
The 9th and 27th Cavalry, active at the Texas post, were the assigned troops of the 5th Cavalry Brigade. The 10th and 28th Cavalry, located at Camp Lockett, made up the 4th Cavalry Brigade.Filled using recruits straight from the induction centers, the 2d Division spent most of the spring and summer of 1943 training its soldiers. The division provided these men with their basic training as well as instruction in Cavalry operations. The divisional training as a whole, however, would not be tested.
Stating that there was no intrinsic need for a second cavalry division, the War Department had devised a plan to use the 2d Cavalry Division personnel to form needed service units. Black community leaders, reacting against the criticism of the performance of negroes in combat units, protested the possible conversion of the division. The debate over the capabilities of black units continued but the decision concerning the status of the 2d Cavalry Division was already made. The War Department ordered the division to be shipped overseas where the conversion would take place. During January 1944 the 2d Cavalry Division was dismounted and shipped back east for deployment abroad. Arriving in North Africa during March, the division began losing its elements that same month. Divisional units were inactivated and their personnel funneled into support and service units.
The 2d Cavalry Division was inactivated on 10 May 1944 off the North African coast and has not been active since that time. Notes and sources:Date Activated is the date the division was activated or inducted into federal service (national guard units).Casualties are number of killed, wounded in action, captured, and missing.The dates after the campaign name are the dates of the campaign not of the division.The NCO Journal official website of the U.S. ArmyThe Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States;, U.S. Government Printing Office. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II, Final Report, 1 December 1941 - 31 December 1946.US Army Center of Military History at divisional histories.